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Gus' Moeller is usually associated with the 'Moeller Method' or 'Moeller Technique' (considered by some to be a misnomer), which advocates the use of 'ancient' snare drumming techniques that can be used by drummers when. The Moeller Method Secrets video lessons will teach you the moeller technique to help you improve your hand speed, power, and control on the drums. While still a young man, Moeller also learned the snare drum and studied with August Helmicke. He served in the Spanish. Later, Moeller moved to New York, playing vaudeville shows with George M. Among Moeller's pupils included Gene Krupa and the late Jim Chapin. Moeller and drum instruction. It was reprinted in June 1. Leedy and Ludwig .. Sanford Moeller, Snare Drum: A. The Rudiments (Moeller Book) (German Language): Amazon.co.uk: Welcome. Amazon.co.uk Try Prime All. Sign in Your Account Try Prime Your Lists Basket. Moeller Traditional Exercise 2. In Sanford Moeller’s book “The Moeller Book” he describes just three strokes–down stroke. The Moeller method, Moeller technique or whipping technique is a percussive stroke method that combines a variety of. Everything you ever wanted to know about Sanford A Moeller's Book and were never told. Moeller based his lessons and instruction around a playing style used by drummers who had served in the American Civil War. The Moeller book speaks highly, in the publisher's note, of George Bruce's method of drum instruction, and indeed, The Moeller book has some similarity to Bruce and Emmett's The Drummers' and Fifer's Guide in that both have lengthy treatments of the rudiments. The 'open style' approach and little finger stick grip are the trademarks regarding this 'ancient' style of drumming. The roots of this approach stem from Europe, and go back before the 1. One of Moeller's pupils, Allen Paley, said, . His system, for which you had to modify in order to play sitting down . 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The speed, power, and versatility of computers increased continuously and dramatically since then, to the point that artificial intelligence may become possible in the future. Computer Information Systems' mission is to develop, market, deliver and maintain seamlessly integrated, mission critical public safety software systems that. Computer program, detailed plan or. Computer once meant a.
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To save space and for ease of reading, these are typically circular devices rather than the classic linear slide rule shape. A popular example is the E6. B. In the 1. 77. 0s Pierre Jaquet- Droz, a Swiss watchmaker, built a mechanical doll (automata) that could write holding a quill pen. By switching the number and order of its internal wheels different letters, and hence different messages, could be produced. In effect, it could be mechanically . Along with two other complex machines, the doll is at the Mus. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration, used wheel- and- disc mechanisms to perform the integration. In 1. 87. 6 Lord Kelvin had already discussed the possible construction of such calculators, but he had been stymied by the limited output torque of the ball- and- disk integrators. The torque amplifier was the advance that allowed these machines to work. Starting in the 1. Vannevar Bush and others developed mechanical differential analyzers. First computing device. Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1. Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general- purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing- complete. All the parts for his machine had to be made by hand . Eventually, the project was dissolved with the decision of the British Government to cease funding. Babbage's failure to complete the analytical engine can be chiefly attributed to difficulties not only of politics and financing, but also to his desire to develop an increasingly sophisticated computer and to move ahead faster than anyone else could follow. Nevertheless, his son, Henry Babbage, completed a simplified version of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1. Analog computers. During the first half of the 2. However, these were not programmable and generally lacked the versatility and accuracy of modern digital computers. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel- and- disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1. James Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1. This built on the mechanical integrators of James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. A dozen of these devices were built before their obsolescence became obvious. By the 1. 95. 0s the success of digital electronic computers had spelled the end for most analog computing machines, but analog computers remained in use during the 1. Digital computers. Electromechanical. By 1. 93. 8 the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine. This was the Torpedo Data Computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of firing a torpedo at a moving target. During World War II similar devices were developed in other countries as well. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all- electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1. It was quite similar to modern machines in some respects, pioneering numerous advances such as floating point numbers. Rather than the harder- to- implement decimal system (used in Charles Babbage's earlier design), using a binary system meant that Zuse's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable, given the technologies available at that time. The engineer Tommy Flowers, working at the Post Office Research Station in London in the 1. Experimental equipment that he built in 1. Berry of Iowa State University developed and tested the Atanasoff. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro- mechanical bombes. To crack the more sophisticated German Lorenz SZ 4. Army communications, Max Newman and his colleagues commissioned Flowers to build the Colossus. It had paper- tape input and was capable of being configured to perform a variety of boolean logical operations on its data, but it was not Turing- complete. Nine Mk II Colossi were built (The Mk I was converted to a Mk II making ten machines in total). Colossus Mark I contained 1. Mark II with 2. 40. Mark 1, greatly speeding the decoding process. Although the ENIAC was similar to the Colossus it was much faster and more flexible. Like the Colossus, a . Once a program was written, it had to be mechanically set into the machine with manual resetting of plugs and switches. It combined the high speed of electronics with the ability to be programmed for many complex problems. It could add or subtract 5. 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Design Of Broadband Stacked E-shaped Patch Antenna BandwidthInverted E- shape Microstrip Antenna for Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement. Hind S. Hussain. Department of Physics, College of Science, Al- Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. Correspondence to: Hind S. Hussain, Department of Physics, College of Science, Al- Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. All Rights Reserved. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). In many communication applications they need to operate in broadband. Design Of Broadband Stacked E-shaped Patch Antenna ImpedanceA high gain wideband microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper. The design adopts contemporary techniques; direct coaxial probe feeding, inverted patch structure with air- . The integration of these techniques leads to a new patch antenna with a low pro. The proposed antenna shows a wideband behavior. It is found that antenna attains impedance bandwidth of 4. VSWR . The achievable gain is 9. B at 2. 4. 2GHz. A parametric study has been carried out in the investigation. A conventional rectangular patch antenna using RT- Duroid 5. The simulated results obtained from MW- Office 2. Hussain, Inverted E- shape Microstrip Antenna for Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement, Journal of Wireless Networking and Communications, Vol. Introduction. During the recent years, the wideband microstrip antenna has its wide application in many communication systems. One of the important applications is the wireless communication system (1. GHz- 5. 6. GHz) . Microstrip antenna is an attractive candidate for wireless communication system due to their numerous advantages such as low cost, light weight and easily printed onto the circuit board. However, these antennas exhibit a few serious limitations such as low impedance bandwidth and gain in their conventional form . Hence, several researchers reported numerous techniques to improve these restrictions, especially enhancing the impedance bandwidth . These alterations include, cutting slots in the basic shapes . However, many of these geometries use multiple metal/dielectric layers for enhancing the impedance bandwidth which poses fabrication and assembly problems. However, the bandwidth and the size of an antenna are generally mutually converting properties, that is, improvement of one of the characteristics normally results in degradation of the other. MICROSTRIP LINE FED STACKED LAYER E- SHAPED PATCH ANTENNA. LINE FED STACKED LAYER E- SHAPED PATCH. The design of stacked layer E-shaped microstrip. Band Patch Antenna for Different Wireless Applications. Broadband EH shaped microstrip patch. Broadband EH shaped microstrip patch antenna. Rao, “Broadband high-gain e-shaped. Novel design of broadband stacked patch antenna. Mook-SengLeong Abstract—Anovel broad-band stacked E-shaped patch antenna proposedantenna has inputimpedance. Recently, an E- shaped patch antenna . However, both of these patch substrate are non- inverted and achievable gains of both antennas are below 8. B. In this paper, a new inverted E- shape patch antenna is investigated for the gain and bandwidth enhancement. The design employs contemporary techniques, namely, the coaxial probe feeding, inverted patch, and E- patch techniques to meet the design requirement. A wider impedance bandwidth and better gain are achieved compared to the design reported in . Theoretical Analysis of Rectangular Patch Antenna. To design a rectangular patch microstrip antenna, the following parameters such as dielectric constant of the substrate (. For TM0. 1 mode, the initial length of the patch can be calculated by the following equation . Geometry of Conventional Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna RPMSA A conventional rectangular patch microstrip antenna, RPMSA operating at TM0. GHz. The radiating patch has dimensions (L x W) and is printed on a dielectric substrate of thickness h and relative permittivity . In this study, RT Duroid 5. Analysis of S-shape Microstrip Patch Antenna. A compact microstrip slot antenna with novel E-shaped. Compact and Broadband Microstrip Stacked Patch Antenna. The patch dimensions are (4. The thickness of the substrate, h= 0. The radiating patch is excited by a coaxial feed probe at proper feed location (xf=1. Figure 1 shows the geometric parameters of this design. The antenna design parameters are calculated using equations (1- 5), and the width dimension is calculated at aspect ratio (W/L) = 1. The actual value of patch length Lactual is 4. GHz. Table 1 shows the geometrical parameters of the RPMSA. Geometry of Inverted E- shape Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna (ERPMSA)The conventional RPMSA was modified in order to enhance the bandwidth and the gain of the antenna. Figure 2 depicts the layout of the proposed antenna. The structure incorporates an inverted and slotted radiating patch, air substrate and a coaxial probe connected to the patch. The inverted rectangular patch, with dimension of 4. An air filled dielectric substrate with thickness h. Two parallel slots are etched on the patch to form an E- shape patch as shown in Figure 2- a, where, l and w are the length and width of the slots respectively. The patch is fed by a coaxial probe along the centerline (x- axis) at a distance f. P (0. 7. 6cm) from the edge of the patch as shown in Figure 2- b. Table 2 shows the optimized design parameters obtained for the proposed patch antenna. The dimensions of the slotted patch have little change than the patch in the conventional RPMSA. The use of probe feeding technique, slots on the patch with thick air- filled substrates provide bandwidth enhancement while the application of superstrate with inverted radiating patch and the use of parallel slots offers a gain enhancement. Results and Discussion. The proposed antennas have been designed and simulated using MW- Office 2. Version 7 which is a method of moments (Mo. M) based electromagnetic (EM) software. Each proposed antenna is discussed as follows: 5. Conventional RPMSAA conventional RPMSA was first designed as a reference. Figure 3 gives the characteristics of the conventional RPMSA. It can be observed that a very good impedance matching obtained at 2. GHz, near the center of Smith chart as shown Figure 3- a which gives a very low power return to the feeding as shown in Figure 3- b. The value of return loss at 2. GHz is - 2. 0. 4d. B. Again, this value of return loss shows a very high impedance matching at 2. GHz. The frequency band produced is 5. STACKED ANTENNA DESIGN. A Stacked microstrip Patch antenna with E-shaped. Anil Agrawal and Shyam Pattnaik,”Broadband and high gain Microstrip antenna for. Broadband Stacked H-shaped Patch Antenna. Equivalent circuit of stacked patch antenna. For probe fed stacked antenna, microstrip patch antennas on electrically. For the E-shaped patch. The proposed patch antenna design parameters. MHz as shown in Figure 3- c. The percentage impedance bandwidth is 2%, which is considered very low value. The gain produce from the antenna at 2. GHz is 7. 8. 4d. B as shown in Figure 3- d. Since a microstrip patch antenna radiates normal to its patch surface, the elevation for E. Figure 4 shows the normalized value of the radiation pattern for both principal planes at f=2. GHz which gives the half- power beamwidth (HPBW) at - 3d. B. It can be noticed that in the H- plane E. Inverted E- shape Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna (ERPMSA)The effects of various key parameters on slotted antenna design are studied. Characteristic of an antenna can be optimized by properly choosing the length of the slot (l), the width of the slot (w), and the air gap thickness (h. Note that the patch dimensions, its dielectric height, and the feeding probe position are not changed through the work. When one parameter was changed, the other two parameters were kept constants. Effect of Air Gap Thickness The effect of variation of air gap thickness (h. Smith Chart, VSWR, Return Loss, and Gain) is shown in Figure 5. The air gap thickness represents the feeding probe height, which is increased while keeping the other parameters constant (l=3. Increasing the air gap results in increasing the inductance of the feeding pin and decreases its capacitance, which is very clear shown in Fig 5- a, the curves move toward the inductive region of the Smith chart as the air gap increase. Also increasing h. Figure 5- b. The optimum values for the impedance matching, VSWR, and return loss curves are these when the air gap is 1cm as shown in Figure 5- a,b, and c respectively, so it is considered as an optimum value. The gain at f=2. 4. GHz is 9. 4. 1d. B, as shown in Figure 5- d. Effect of Slot Dimensions (length x width) In general, the presences of slots in the radiating patch restrict the patch currents, and give a capacitive load which compensate the inductance of the excitation probe, results a bandwidth improvement. The effect of both the slot length and width is studied here.(i) Effect of slot width: the effect of variation of slot width (w) on the antenna performance (Smith Chart, VSWR, Return Loss, and Gain) is shown in Figure 6. The slot width increased while keeping the ther parameters constant (h. Increasing the slot width results in increasing the impedance bandwidth. Although the impedance bandwidth at w=1. Figure 6- a,b and c, so w=1. It can be observed that the gain increase as the slot width increase as shown in Figure 6- d.(ii) Effect of slot length: the effect of variation of slot length (l) on the antenna performance (VSWR, Smith Chart, Return Loss, and Gain) is shown in Figure 7, the slot length increased while keeping the other parameters constant (h. It can be noticed that as the slot length increase, the impedance matching curve move toward the inductive region of the Smith chart as shown in Figure 7- a, this is due to increasing the current path around the slot which means increasing the inductive load of the radiating patch. The best impedance matching, VSWR, and return loss, curves are these when l=3. Figure 7- a, b, and c respectively, so it is used as an optimum value. The slot length has no effect on the gain curve as shown in Figure 7- d. The Antenna is optimized based on the results obtained in section 2. The aim of the optimization is to obtain better gain and bandwidth. The varied parameter specifications after optimization are shown in table 2. The characteristics (VSWR, Smith Chart, Return Loss, and Gain) of the optimum design are shown in Figure 8. A high impedance matching is obtained as shown in Figure 8- a. The simulated impedance bandwidths of 4. GHz to 3. 2 GHz is achieved at VSWR. Two closely excited resonant frequencies at 2. GHz and at 2. 8 GHz is achieved as shown in Figure 8- c. The gain produced at 2. GHz is 9. 4. 1d. B as shown in Figure 8- d while the gain produced from the conventional RPMS is 7. B with 2% bandwidth. Figure 9 shows the normalized value of the radiation pattern for both principal planes (E. It can be noticed that in the H- plane component and in the E- plane E. Figure 1. 0 shows the current distribution and the electric field at the surface of the proposed antenna. |
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January 2017
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